Ten sets of data witness the great achievements of the new era
To understand the changes in China's development in the new era, data is the most convincing.
Since the beginning of the new era, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, more than 1.4 billion Chinese people have united in struggle and forged ahead, and China's economic and social development has made historic achievements and undergone historic changes, embarking on a new journey of comprehensively building a socialist modern country.
Through 10 sets of data, we record the pace of economic and social progress, show the momentum and achievements of China's economic development since the new era, and reveal the historical inevitability of China's road success.
More than 120 trillion yuan: a historic leap in economic strength
In the past 10 years, China's total economic output has doubled, and its development stands at a new and higher historical starting point:
From 2013 to 2022, the gross domestic product (GDP) increased from 59.3 trillion yuan to 121 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of more than 6%, and the total economic output reached 18 trillion US dollars at the average annual exchange rate, ranking second in the world. Per capita GDP increased from 43,497 yuan to 85,698 yuan.
In 2020, China was the only major economy in the world to achieve positive economic growth. In the past three years, China's economy has grown at an average annual rate of 4.5 percent, about 2.5 percentage points higher than the world average growth rate, ranking among the top major economies.
Over the past 10 years, China's role as a "stabilizer" and "power source" for the world economy has continued to be prominent. China's total economic share in the world economy has risen from 12.3% to more than 18%, contributing more than 30% of world economic growth on average annually.
This year is the first year that China's economy has recovered from the impact of the pandemic. China's GDP reached 913027 billion yuan in the first three quarters, up 5.2 percent year-on-year at constant prices, and the expected economic growth target of about 5 percent is expected to be achieved for the whole year.
Recently, the International Monetary Fund, the OECD and many other international institutions have intensively raised China's economic growth forecasts. Steven Barnett, the IMF's chief representative in China, pointed out that China remains the largest engine of global economic growth, accounting for one-third of global growth.
The person in charge of the National Economic Comprehensive Department of the National Development and Reform Commission said that China's economy is resilient, has full potential, has wide room for maneuver, and the fundamentals of long-term improvement have not changed and will not change.
Over 400 million: the world's largest middle-income group
In the past 10 years, China has won the battle against poverty and built a moderately prosperous society in all respects as scheduled. The per capita disposable income of residents has increased from 16,500 yuan to 36,883 yuan, forming the world's largest and most growing middle-income group of more than 400 million people.
In the past 10 years, all 98.99 million rural poor people under China's current standards have been lifted out of poverty, all 832 poverty-stricken counties have been lifted out of poverty, and all 128,000 poverty-stricken villages have been listed. On average, more than 10 million people have been reduced from poverty every year, which is equivalent to the population of a medium-sized country, and the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development has been achieved 10 years ahead of schedule, contributing more than 70% to global poverty reduction.
Since the beginning of the new era, the gap between urban and rural areas in China has gradually narrowed, and the people's lives have entered a stage of relative prosperity and prosperity. The per capita disposable income of residents is growing faster than economic growth. With the implementation of various policies for poverty alleviation and the in-depth promotion of the rural revitalization strategy, the per capita disposable income of rural residents continued to grow faster than that of urban residents, and the per capita disposable income ratio of urban and rural residents dropped from 2.88:1 to 2.45:1.
At present, the middle-income group of more than 400 million people is leading the Chinese consumer market to achieve "incremental innovation". In the next 15 years, the middle-income group is expected to exceed 800 million, which will further drive the growth of the hyperscale market.
44 trillion yuan: the "main engine" of consumption is strong
The characteristics of the economies of large countries are dominated by domestic demand and internal circulation.
From 2013 to 2022, China's total retail sales of consumer goods increased from 23.8 trillion yuan to 44 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world's largest consumer market, the largest online retail market and the second largest import market in the world.
China's economy hedges against the uncertainty of the external environment with the certainty of its own development, and strives to forge a strong and resilient national economic circulation system. In recent years, the contribution rate of domestic demand to economic growth has exceeded 100% in seven years.
In 2023, the box office of the summer film will exceed 20 billion yuan for the first time, with 505 million moviegoers, the number of domestic tourists traveling during the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holiday will be 826 million, a year-on-year increase of 71.3% on a comparable basis, and the annual business volume of express delivery will exceed 120 billion pieces for the first time...... In the first three quarters of this year, the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth reached 83.2%, of which the contribution rate rose to 94.8% in the third quarter, and the role of consumption as the "main engine" was further highlighted.
With a population of more than 1.4 billion and the world's largest middle-income group, China's economy has the confidence to overcome difficulties and stride forward on its new journey.
Stimulate the confidence of private investment, boost bulk consumption such as automobiles, electronic products, and home furnishings, raise the special additional deduction standards for individual income tax for "one old and one small", and implement the "three-year action plan for county-level commerce...... Adhering to the strategic basis of expanding domestic demand, a series of measures have helped enhance the endogenous driving force of the domestic cycle.
"China's consumption potential is large, the population size is also large, is in the critical stage of consumption structure upgrading, as the economy continues to recover, China's overall consumption trend will continue to improve. Sheng Laiyun, deputy director of the National Bureau of Statistics, said.
More than 11 million people: new urban jobs remained stable
Employment is the foundation of people's livelihood and is related to thousands of households.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has attached great importance to employment work, and has earnestly regarded employment as the largest livelihood project, the people's project, and the foundation project.
The scale of new urban employment has expanded significantly. Since 2012, the number of new urban jobs has remained above 11 million, and by the end of 2022, more than 140 million new urban jobs had been created. From January to October this year, 11.09 million new jobs were created in cities and towns across the country.
Put the construction of the social security system in a more prominent position, continue to make efforts to promote the high-quality development of social security, weave a dense social security safety net, and support the people's life and well-being.
At present, the country has basically achieved full coverage of social insurance statutory personnel, and the number of people insured in basic old-age, unemployment and work-related injury insurance has reached 1.06 billion, 240 million and 300 million respectively, building the world's largest social security system. On the basis of consecutive years of increases, the basic pension of retirees will increase by another 3.8% in 2023, which has effectively improved people's well-being.
42 trillion yuan: the scale of foreign trade continues to achieve new breakthroughs
Since 2017, it has maintained its position as the largest country in trade in goods for six consecutive years, the annual import and export scale of private enterprises has accounted for more than 50% for the first time, and the average annual growth rate of trade in goods with countries under the Belt and Road Initiative has been 8%...... In the past 10 years, China's foreign trade has continued to achieve new breakthroughs, and the total import and export value will exceed 42 trillion yuan in 2022. In the first 10 months of this year, the total import and export value of China's trade in goods exceeded 34 trillion yuan.
Building a trade power is one of the important goals of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way.
From accelerating innovation-driven and cultivating new advantages in trade competition, to optimizing the environment for foreign trade development and continuously improving the level of trade facilitation, to promoting the optimization and upgrading of trade in goods and developing digital trade...... In recent years, aiming at the goal of becoming a trade power, a series of policies and measures have been steadily promoted, and the international competitiveness of foreign trade has been significantly improved.
In 2020, the total trade in goods and services surpassed that of the United States for the first time, becoming the world's largest trading country, the import and export scale of cross-border e-commerce exceeded 2 trillion yuan for the first time in 2022, and the total scale of digital trade hit a record high, and the international market share of exports further increased to 14.7% in 2022, ranking first in the world for 14 consecutive years......
Zhuang Rui, executive dean of the Institute of International Economics of the University of International Business and Economics, said that China is advancing from a trading country to a trading power, providing strong support for stabilizing the macroeconomic market.
20.4 trillion yuan: the financial "cake" is growing day by day
Finance is the foundation and important pillar of national governance. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, on the basis of sustained economic development, China's financial strength has become even stronger; in order to adapt to the changes in the economic situation and tasks, the financial sector has actively performed its functions and made good use of the financial "cake," thus effectively promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development.
The financial "cake" is growing day by day. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, fiscal revenue has maintained rapid growth, and the national fiscal revenue has increased from about 12.9 trillion yuan in 2013 to about 20.4 trillion yuan in 2022. In the first 10 months of this year, the national fiscal revenue reached 187494 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.1 percent.
He Daixin, director of the Fiscal Research Office of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences' Institute of Financial and Economic Strategy, said that in the past 10 years, China's economic development has been steadily advancing and the scale of the economy has been expanding, which has become an important support for expanding the financial "cake".
In terms of fiscal expenditure, the national fiscal expenditure increased from about 14 trillion yuan in 2013 to about 26.1 trillion yuan in 2022, and the expenditure in key areas such as education and science and technology, basic people's livelihood, and agriculture and rural areas was strong and promising.
The proportion of tax revenue in China's GDP has dropped from about 17% in 2018 to 13.8% in 2022. Maintain the intensity of necessary fiscal expenditures to better ensure the major strategic tasks of the state...... Over the past 10 years, the macroeconomic regulation and control of the government has been continuously improved, and the financial guarantee has become more accurate and effective.
"Strong financial strength and active fiscal policy are solid support and important starting points for promoting high-quality economic development under complex changes. He Daixin said.
More than 1.3 trillion catties: grain output has increased steadily for 9 consecutive years
Overcoming the impact of unfavorable factors such as the rare "bad rain" in Huanghuai and the severe floods in North and Northeast China, the country has reaped another bumper harvest this year, with a total output of 1,390.82 billion catties, an increase of 17.76 billion catties over the previous year, and stable at more than 1.3 trillion catties for nine consecutive years.
In recent years, in the face of sharp fluctuations in international grain prices and high prices of agricultural materials, China's grain production has steadily increased and more than 1.4 billion Chinese have been firmly served, providing important support for stabilizing expectations and prices.
China has made great efforts to stabilize the area, focus on yields, and strive to increase production. The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has promoted the development of multi-cropping grain production in southern provinces, implemented the soybean and corn yield improvement project, and strengthened the expansion of soybean oil crops. The concept of big food has been gradually established, and all localities have accelerated the construction of a diversified food supply system.
In terms of measures, it is necessary to strengthen the material basis for storing grain on the ground and in technology: strictly control the use of cultivated land, resolutely adhere to the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, and speed up the construction of high-standard farmland; promote the research of key and core agricultural technologies, and carry out in-depth actions to revitalize the seed industry.
In terms of policy, we should speed up the improvement of the mechanism guarantee: improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers, improve the response mechanism for ensuring the supply and stable price of agricultural materials, accelerate the improvement of the interest compensation mechanism in the main producing areas, and strictly assess the responsibility system for cultivated land protection and food security of the provincial party committees and governments.
Food is stable and the world is safe. The national grain output has reached a new high, laying a solid foundation for comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating the construction of an agricultural power, and providing strong support for accelerating the construction of a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development.
3 trillion yuan: scientific research funding has reached a new high, and innovation has achieved remarkable results
China's R&D expenditure increased from 1 trillion yuan in 2012 to 3.09 trillion yuan in 2022, the intensity of R&D investment increased from 1.91% to 2.55%, the proportion of basic research investment in the whole society's R&D expenditure increased from 4.8% to 6.3%, and the total number of R&D personnel ranked first in the world.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in the face of the major opportunities and challenges brought about by a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, China has adhered to the core position of innovation in the overall situation of modernization, implemented the innovation-driven development strategy in depth, accelerated the transformation of economic development mode, and the role of innovation as the first driving force has become increasingly prominent.
In 2022, the China Innovation Index reached 155.7, an increase of 5.9% over 2021 and an average annual growth rate of 6.5% since 2015. The ranking of the Global Innovation Index has jumped significantly, and China has become an increasingly important member of the global innovation map. According to the Global Innovation Index 2022 report released by the World Intellectual Property Organization, China ranks 11th, steadily improving for ten consecutive years, ranking first among 36 upper-middle-income economies.
The new economy is booming and has become an important engine of economic development. In 2022, the added value of the "three new" economies, including new industries, new business formats, and new business models, will be 210084 billion yuan, equivalent to 17.36% of GDP, an increase of 2.6 percentage points over 2015. With the continuous development of the emerging economy represented by the "three new" and the accelerated formation of new quality productive forces, it has become an important force driving economic transformation and upgrading and enhancing economic vitality.
In the past 10 years, China's scientific and technological innovation strength has moved from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, and from point breakthrough to system capacity improvement. Basic research and original innovation have been continuously strengthened, breakthroughs have been made in some key core technologies, strategic emerging industries have developed and expanded, and major achievements have been made in manned spaceflight, lunar and fire exploration, deep-sea and deep-earth exploration, supercomputers, satellite navigation, quantum information, nuclear power technology, new energy technology, large aircraft manufacturing, and biomedicine, and have entered the ranks of innovative countries.
5.8 billion tons: The formation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyles has been accelerated
Over the past 10 years, China's energy consumption has grown at an average annual rate of 3% and supported an average economic growth of 6.6%, making it one of the countries with the fastest reduction in energy intensity in the world. China has exceeded its target of reducing carbon emission intensity by 40% to 45% by 2020, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 5.8 billion tons cumulatively, and building the world's largest carbon market and clean power generation system.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, while actively stabilizing economic operation, the whole country has firmly practiced the development concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, vigorously promoted the construction of a beautiful China, and accelerated the formation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyle.
Remarkable results in energy saving and consumption reduction. In 2021, energy consumption per unit of GDP decreased by 26.4% compared to 2012, with an average annual decrease of 3.3%, and on this basis, energy consumption decreased by 0.1% in 2022 compared to the previous year.
The low-carbon energy transition continues to deepen. By the end of 2022, the installed capacity of non-fossil energy power generation increased by 2.8 times in 10 years to 1.27 billion kilowatts, accounting for 49.5% of the total installed capacity, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption increased by 7.8 percentage points to 17.5%. Energy security has reached a new level, and the energy supply system driven by coal, oil, gas, nuclear and renewable energy has been continuously improved.
Innovation and development have embarked on a new track, the clean energy industry has formed a global leading edge, the R&D and application of new technologies such as high-efficiency photovoltaic power generation, large-capacity wind power, "Hualong No. 1" nuclear power, and new energy storage have been accelerated, and new models and new forms of energy development have been emerging.
The effectiveness of pollution control continues to appear. In 2022, the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 339 cities at and above the prefecture level decreased by 3.3% compared with the previous year. The surface water environment continues to improve. Among the 3,641 national surface water assessment sections, 87.9% of the sections with excellent water quality (Class I to III) were excellent, an increase of 3 percentage points.
The ecological security barrier continues to be strengthened. Adhere to the systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands, strengthen the protection and restoration of ecosystems, and promote large-scale land greening actions. In the past 10 years, the country has completed afforestation of 1.02 billion mu, and the area of planted forests ranks first in the world.
More than 6 million kilometers: the comprehensive transportation network extends in all directions
The total length of the country's comprehensive transportation network exceeds 6 million kilometers, including 155,000 kilometers of railways and 5.35 million kilometers of highways......
As of the end of 2022, China has built a transportation infrastructure network of "the world's largest high-speed railway network, highway network, and world-class port cluster".
More than 300 international road passenger and freight transport routes have been opened, shipping services cover all coastal countries under the Belt and Road Initiative, domestic airlines operate international scheduled flights to 153 cities in 62 countries, and postal express reaches more than 220 countries and regions around the world...... The high-quality development of transportation cultivates new advantages and helps realize "people enjoy their travel and goods flow smoothly".
To make up for shortcomings and forge long boards, traditional infrastructure continues to make efforts, promote development and increase stamina, and new infrastructure provides strong support.
As of the end of October this year, the total number of 5G base stations reached 3.215 million, the new generation of information technology represented by the industrial Internet has accelerated the application breakthrough, and 5G has extended from the production periphery to the core control link...... China has built the world's largest optical fiber network and the world's largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure.
The unprecedented "four horizontal and three vertical" main skeleton and artery of the national water network are being formed, and the super-large power grid with the highest voltage level, the largest installed capacity and the strongest resource allocation capacity in the world has been built...... In the past 10 years, China has made many world-leading achievements in major transportation hub projects, water conservancy projects, information infrastructure, national strategic reserves, etc., and the infrastructure level in many fields has achieved leapfrog development. (Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 11)
