We will continue to promote <B>and</B> expand Chinese-style modernization

It is a major theoretical innovation of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and a major achievement of scientific socialism. General Secretary Xi Jinping stressed that since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has continued to move forward on the existing foundation, continuously achieved innovative breakthroughs in theory and practice, and successfully promoted and expanded Chinese-style modernization. We have further deepened our understanding of the connotation and essence of Chinese-style modernization, summarized the Chinese characteristics, essential requirements and major principles of Chinese-style modernization, and preliminarily constructed a theoretical system of Chinese-style modernization. In the new era and new journey, with the deepening of the practice of modernization, the theory of Chinese-style modernization will inevitably continue to enrich and develop.

　　The theory of Chinese-style modernization is based on the long-term practice of the Communist Party of China

　　As the core feature of modern civilization, modernization is a comprehensive development process that includes economy, politics, culture, society, science and technology, etc. In the literature of Western scholars, it was first called "Westernization" or "Europeanization", emphasizing its geographical and cultural characteristics, and later called "modernization". Some scholars believe that this change is only a rhetorical change on the surface, but in essence it is a re-understanding of the trend of world modernization and change. When the concept of "modernization" first appeared in China, it was called "Westernization", and in practice, it was summarized as "Westernization". This kind of understanding and practical characteristics have an extremely profound historical background, and it is the embodiment of China's distrust of its own civilization and its blind obedience to Western civilization under the condition that China has been reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society after modern times. Some scholars have pointed out that the fact that the Chinese people were able to put forward the category of "modernization" later and use it to replace the previous "Westernization" and "Westernization" is a kind of national consciousness that enhances the understanding and pursuit of modernization, and is a kind of ideological "consciousness".

　　It is the arduous exploration of the Communist Party of China (CPC) that has truly advanced the process of scientific understanding of Chinese-style modernization in historical practice. At the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China in 1945, Comrade Mao Zedong clearly pointed out: "The task of the Chinese working class is not only to fight for the establishment of a new democratic state, but also for China's industrialization and agricultural modernization. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, our party repeatedly emphasized the need to realize the "four modernizations". Comrade Zhou Enlai pointed out in his government work report delivered at the First National People's Congress in 1954: "If we do not build a powerful modern industry, modern agriculture, modern transportation industry, and modern national defense, we will not be able to shake off backwardness and poverty, and our revolution will not be able to achieve its goal." At the beginning of reform and opening up, Comrade Deng Xiaoping made strategic arrangements for China's modernization and put forward the "three-step" strategic concept, that is, to solve the problem of food and clothing for the people by the end of the 80 s of the 20 th century, to make the people's living standards reach a moderately prosperous level by the end of the 20 th century, and to basically realize modernization by the middle of the 21 st century. The 15 th CPC National Congress formulated a new "three-step" strategy when the first goal of the "three-step" strategy had been resolved and the goal of the second step was about to be realized, proposing that modernization should be basically realized by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China by the middle of the 21 st century. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the "two centenary goals" of "building a moderately prosperous society in all respects by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China" and "building a prosperous, strong, democratic, civilized, and harmonious modern socialist country by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China". The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) made a new top-level design for promoting China's socialist modernization in the new era, and put forward a two-step strategic arrangement for building China into a modern socialist power by the middle of this century. The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) clearly outlined the overall goal of China's development by 2035, and depicted a grand blueprint for building China into a great modern socialist country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have continued to promote the theoretical and practical exploration of Chinese-style modernization, and initially constructed a theoretical system of Chinese-style modernization, so as to make Chinese-style modernization clearer, more scientific, and more feasible.

　　Comprehensively promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization stems from the original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China and is one of the central tasks of the Party in the new era. For more than 100 years, all the struggles, all sacrifices, and all creations carried out by the Communist Party of China in uniting and leading the Chinese people can be summed up in one theme: realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Looking back at history, the main task of the Party during the period of the New Democratic Revolution was to oppose imperialism, feudalism, and bureaucratic capitalism, strive for national independence and the liberation of the people, and create fundamental social conditions for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. During the period of socialist revolution and construction, the main tasks of the Party are to realize the transformation from new democracy to socialism, carry out the socialist revolution, promote socialist construction, and lay the fundamental political premise and institutional foundation for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The main tasks of the Party in the new period of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization are to continue to explore the correct path for building socialism in China, liberate and develop the social productive forces, enable the people to shake off poverty and become prosperous as soon as possible, and provide a system full of new vitality and material conditions for rapid development for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and the main task of the Party is to realize the first centenary goal, start a new journey to achieve the second centenary goal, and continue to advance towards the grand goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that "China's development has a more solid material foundation and a more perfect institutional guarantee, and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process" and "from now on, the central task of the Communist Party of China is to unite and lead the people of all ethnic groups across the country to build a modern socialist country in an all-round way, realize the second centenary goal, and comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization".

　　The theory of Chinese-style modernization is a major theoretical innovation based on China's national conditions and realities, and is a pioneering theory constructed on the basis of profoundly summarizing our party's long-term historical exploration of modernization, and in the combination of the basic tenets of Marxism with China's specific reality and China's excellent traditional culture, and is of great significance for guiding China's modernization practice.

　　Chinese characteristics, essential requirements and major principles of Chinese-style modernization

　　Chinese modernization, deeply rooted in the excellent traditional Chinese culture, embodies the advanced nature of scientific socialism, draws on and absorbs all the outstanding achievements of human civilization, represents the development direction of human civilization progress, shows a new picture different from the Western modernization model, and is a new form of human civilization. Chinese modernization is of great innovative and profound significance for the development of the theory and practice of world modernization.

　　General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "When a country moves towards modernization, it must not only follow the general laws of modernization, but also conform to its own reality and have its own characteristics. Chinese modernization not only has the common characteristics of the modernization of other countries, but also has distinctive characteristics based on its own national conditions. "As far as the methodology for promoting Chinese-style modernization is concerned, we must persist in understanding and grasping the essence and characteristics of Chinese-style modernization from the unity of the universal laws of the process of human modernization and the Chinese characteristics stipulated by China's national conditions.

　　There are some common characteristics in the process of human modernization, for example, scientific and technological innovation drives the industrial revolution to support economic and social development, forming a huge liberation and historical impetus to social productive forces; Institutional innovation drives social change; The internationalization of the division of labor and the globalization of the market promote the process of civilization, and form the mutual linkage and interaction between modernization and globalization. Wait a minute. The process of human modernization is always embodied in the historical practice of different countries and different nationalities, and modernization is the unity of this universality and particularity.

　　In the unity of universality and particularity, Chinese-style modernization has distinctive Chinese characteristics. The first is the modernization of the huge population. China's population of more than 1.4 billion has entered modernization as a whole, which is larger than the population of the existing developed countries combined, and will greatly change the map of the modern world. This is the largest modernization in human history, and it is also the most difficult. The second is the modernization of common prosperity for all the people. Chinese modernization adheres to the principle that development is for the people, development depends on the people, and the fruits of development are shared by the people, and insists on taking the realization of the people's yearning for a better life as the starting point and end point of modernization, and strives to safeguard and promote social fairness and justice, and strives to promote common prosperity for all people, resolutely prevents polarization, and breaks the myth of "modernization = Westernization". The third is the modernization of material civilization and spiritual civilization in harmony. Chinese-style modernization requires not only great material wealth, but also great spiritual wealth, and self-confidence and self-improvement in ideology and culture, which requires cultivating and carrying forward the core socialist values and developing advanced socialist culture, which is more historically progressive and advanced. Fourth, the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature. Chinese modernization not only emphasizes the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, but also emphasizes the implementation of the new development concept, respecting nature, conforming to nature, protecting nature, and adhering to the principle of giving priority to conservation, protection and natural restoration, and is more proactive. Fifth, we need to follow the path of peaceful development through modernization. Chinese modernization not only adheres to the openness of the civilization process, but also adheres to the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind, emphasizing that it will always hold high the banner of peace, development, cooperation and win-win results, seek its own development while firmly safeguarding world peace and development, and better safeguard world peace and development through its own development.

　　In terms of the essential requirements of Chinese-style modernization, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China is summarized as follows: adhere to the leadership of the Communist Party of China, adhere to socialism with Chinese characteristics, achieve high-quality development, develop whole-process people's democracy, enrich the people's spiritual world, achieve common prosperity for all people, promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature, promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind, and create a new form of human civilization. This profoundly reflects that Chinese modernization is a new form of human civilization, which contains a unique world view, values, historical view, civilization view, democracy view, ecological view, etc., expands the path choice of developing countries to modernization, and is a major innovation in the theory and practice of world modernization.

　　In terms of the major principles that must be firmly grasped in building a modern socialist country in an all-round way, the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward five major principles, clarifying the leadership core, line and system, fundamental purpose, development driving force, and mental state of building a modern socialist country. We must uphold and strengthen the party's overall leadership, ensure the correct direction of China's socialist modernization, adhere to the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, always put the development of the country and the nation on the basis of our own strength, adhere to the people-centered development philosophy, let the fruits of modernization benefit all the people more and more fairly, persist in deepening reform and opening up, constantly enhance the driving force and vitality of socialist modernization, persist in carrying forward the spirit of struggle, and rely on tenacious struggle to open up new horizons for the development of the cause.

　　In-depth analysis of the challenges facing the promotion of Chinese-style modernization

　　General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "promoting Chinese-style modernization is an unprecedented pioneering undertaking, which will inevitably encounter all kinds of predictable and unpredictable risks, challenges, difficulties and even turbulent waves." As far as the challenges facing economic and social development in the new stage of development are concerned, they are prominently manifested in the following aspects.

　　First, the phased goals, requirements, and constraints of economic and social development have undergone profound changes, and it is urgent to change the mode of economic development. The new stage of development is the stage of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way and marching towards the second centenary goal. Entering a new stage of development, China has built a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way, and its economic and social development has reached a new level, but it is also facing new development goals. While the target requirements have undergone historical changes, the constraint function has also undergone systematic changes, including changes in the domestic and international economic situation, changes in demand and supply characteristics, and so on, all of which have put forward urgent requirements for the transformation of economic development mode. Taking the requirements of the "dual carbon" goal as an example, China has made a solemn commitment to the world to strive to achieve carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. Achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality is an inevitable choice to focus on solving the outstanding problems of resource and environmental constraints, and the task is very arduous and by no means easy to achieve. Emission reduction is highly correlated with GDP growth, industrialization progress, urbanization, energy structure, and macroeconomic costs. If we do not change the mode of economic development, it will be difficult to alleviate the contradictions. We must unswervingly follow the development path of ecological priority, green and low-carbon, promote quality, efficiency and power reform, and realize green and low-carbon transformation and development as soon as possible.

　　Second, from the experience and lessons of international economic development, we must accelerate high-quality economic development. International experience shows that the key to a country's transition from the middle-income stage to the high-income stage lies in achieving a fundamental transformation of economic development from quantitative expansion to qualitative improvement. According to a World Bank study, only 13 of the world's 101 middle-income economies in 1960 were among the high-income countries as of 2008, and the rest lingered in the middle-income stage for a long time, the basic reason is that the fundamental transformation mentioned above has not been achieved. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the overall goal of basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, including raising the per capita GDP to a new level and reaching the level of a moderately developed country. At present, the position of China's industry in the global industrial chain and value chain is generally at the middle and low end, and the contribution rate of science and technology to economic growth is not high. At the same time, there is still a big gap between China's total factor productivity and that of developed countries, and in order to gradually catch up with the level of developed countries, total factor productivity must be increased at a faster rate. Judging from the reality at this stage, it will be difficult to achieve this goal if we follow the traditional production mode and do not accelerate the promotion of high-quality development.

　　Third, the international economic landscape and the process of economic globalization are complex and changeable, bringing a series of challenges to China's economic development. In recent years, economic globalization has encountered headwinds, unilateralism and protectionism have risen significantly, the world economic recovery has been sluggish, local conflicts and turmoil have occurred frequently, the impact of the pandemic of the century has been far-reaching, global problems have intensified, and the world has entered a new period of turbulence and change. Since China's reform and opening up, the momentum of the circular mode of "two ends outside, big in and big out" for a long period of time has weakened significantly. At the same time, the position of China's economy in the world economy has undergone significant changes, and the proportion of GDP in the world's GDP has increased from about 1.8% at the beginning of reform and opening up to about 18% in 2022. On the one hand, China's economy is more competitive, but on the other hand, China's complementarity with developed economies such as the United States, the European Union, and Japan has weakened and the competition has intensified. On the one hand, China's influence on the world economy has expanded, but on the other hand, it has been affected by the instability of the world economy, especially by the impact of systemic risks in developed economies such as the United States.

　　On the whole, we must scientifically analyze the opportunities and challenges facing the new stage of development. First of all, the connotation of opportunities and challenges has changed, with opportunities becoming more strategic and malleable, and challenges becoming more complex and overall. Second, the relationship between opportunities and challenges has changed, and our judgment is that crises and opportunities coexist, there are opportunities in crises, and crises can be turned around. Thirdly, China's development has entered a period of coexistence of strategic opportunities, risks and challenges, and an increase in uncertain and unpredictable factors, and various "black swan" and "gray rhinoceros" events may occur at any time. We must enhance our sense of adversity, adhere to the bottom-line thinking, be prepared for danger in times of peace, take precautions, and be prepared to withstand the major tests of high winds and waves, and even stormy seas. This is an issue that we must attach great importance to continuously promoting and expanding Chinese-style modernization.

　　Promote Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development

　　Promoting Chinese-style modernization is a systematic project, which requires overall planning, systematic planning, and overall advancement, and correctly handles a series of major relationships such as top-level design and practical exploration, strategy and tactics, integrity and innovation, efficiency and fairness, vitality and order, self-reliance and self-reliance, and opening up. It should be noted that development is the first priority of the Party in governing and rejuvenating the country, and high-quality development is the primary task of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. Only by adhering to the theme of promoting high-quality development, insisting on quality first and efficiency first, and promoting the reform of economic development quality, efficiency and power, can we continue to strengthen China's economic strength, scientific and technological strength, and comprehensive national strength, and build China into a modern socialist country in an all-round way.

　　What is high-quality development? High-quality development is a development that can well meet the people's growing needs for a better life. At the macro level, high-quality development is to promote the benign interaction and balanced development of supply and demand; At the micro level, high-quality development is the development supported by the continuous improvement of total factor productivity and new kinetic energy. Structurally, high-quality development is the coordinated development of urban and rural, regional and industrial development; In terms of risk prevention, high-quality development is steady, safe and resilient. In terms of opening up, high-quality development is the development of internal and external linkage led by institutional opening-up and high-level opening-up. High-quality development is not only the essential requirement of Chinese-style modernization, but also the path choice to promote Chinese-style modernization.

　　Promote Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development，必须坚持新发展理念。新发展理念明确了我国现代化建设的指导原则。新发展理念的提出，回答了处在新的历史方位的中国“实现什么样的发展、怎样实现发展”的重大理论和实践问题，为Promote Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development提供了科学指引。其中，创新发展注重的是解决发展动力问题，协调发展注重的是解决发展不平衡问题，绿色发展注重的是解决人与自然和谐问题，开放发展注重的是解决发展内外联动问题，共享发展注重的是解决社会公平正义问题。发展理念具有很强的战略性、纲领性、引领性，是发展实践的先导。理念不转变，发展方式不可能转变。但理念不能停留在理念上，必须贯彻于实践。我们要完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，注重从根本宗旨、问题导向、忧患意识把握新发展理念，加快构建现代化经济体系，加快构建新发展格局，全面深化改革，厚植发展新优势，把新发展理念贯穿发展全过程和各领域，不断推动中国式现代化向前发展。

　　Promote Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development，必须建设现代化经济体系。国家强，经济体系必须强。现代化经济体系，是由社会经济活动各个环节、各个层面、各个领域的相互关系和内在联系构成的一个有机整体。建设现代化经济体系是推动高质量发展、全面提高经济整体竞争力的必然要求。只有形成现代化经济体系，才能更好顺应现代化发展潮流和赢得国际竞争主动，也才能为其他领域现代化提供有力支撑。我们要处理好产业发展中的虚实关系，处理好城乡发展与区域发展的平衡关系，处理好全面对外开放与自主发展的关系，坚持一体建设、一体推进，建设创新引领、协同发展的产业体系，建设统一开放、竞争有序的市场体系，建设体现效率、促进公平的收入分配体系，建设彰显优势、协调联动的城乡区域发展体系，建设资源节约、环境友好的绿色发展体系，建设多元平衡、安全高效的全面开放体系，建设充分发挥市场作用、更好发挥政府作用的经济体制，实现市场机制有效、微观主体有活力、宏观调控有度。

　　Promote Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development，必须加快构建新发展格局。习近平总书记强调：“推进中国式现代化，必须坚持独立自主、自立自强，坚持把国家和民族发展放在自己力量的基点上，坚持把我国发展进步的命运牢牢掌握在自己手中。要加快构建新发展格局，实现内部可循环，并依托我国超大规模市场优势吸引全球资源要素，增强国内国际两个市场两种资源联动效应。”构建新发展格局应该以扩大内需为战略基点，以深化供给侧结构性改革为战略主线，以创新驱动为战略支撑，以高水平开放为战略前提，以稳中求进为战略方针，更好推进现代化建设。具体来说，一是要更好统筹扩大内需和深化供给侧结构性改革，增强国内大循环的动力和可靠性。构建新发展格局的关键在于实现经济循环的畅通无阻。实施扩大内需战略和深化供给侧结构性改革，二者具有内在一致性，都是为了畅通国内大循环，实现更高质量、更有效率、更加公平、更可持续、更为安全的发展。要准确把握有效结合点，培育完整内需体系，以创新驱动、高质量供给引领和创造新需求，从而形成更高水平供需动态平衡，形成国民经济良性循环。二是要加快科技自立自强步伐，解决外国“卡脖子”问题。要坚持教育发展、科技创新、人才培养一体推进，形成良性循环；坚持原始创新、集成创新、开放创新一体设计，实现有效贯通；坚持创新链、产业链、人才链一体部署，推动深度融合。三是要加快建设现代化产业体系，夯实新发展格局的产业基础。要顺应全球产业体系和产业链供应链发展规律和历史趋势，把发展经济的着力点放在实体经济上，把握产业结构演进规律，扎实推进新型工业化，加快建设制造强国、质量强国、网络强国、数字中国等，协调推进信息化、网络化、智能化进程，打造自主可控、安全可靠、竞争力强的现代化产业体系。四是要全面推进城乡、区域协调发展，提高国内大循环的覆盖面，畅通城乡经济循环。只有实现了城乡、区域协调发展，国内大循环的空间才能更广阔，成色才能更足。要协调推进乡村振兴与新型城镇化，推动区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略、主体功能区战略等深度融合，形成全国统一大市场，畅通国内大循环。五是进一步深化改革开放，增强国内外大循环的动力和活力。要深化要素市场化改革，建设高标准市场体系，营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境；完善现代财税金融体制，健全现代预算制度、优化税制结构、完善财政转移支付体系，提升宏观经济治理能力；推进高水平对外开放，对标高标准国际贸易和投资通行规则，稳步扩大规则、规制、管理、标准等制度型开放，增强在国际大循环中的话语权。

　　In short, Chinese-style modernization is a broad road for us to build a strong country and rejuvenate the nation. The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has entered an irreversible historical process driven by Chinese-style modernization. The world today is undergoing major changes unseen in a century, and China's development is facing new strategic opportunities, strategic tasks, strategic stages, strategic requirements, and strategic environment, and the risks and challenges that need to be dealt with, and the contradictions and problems that need to be solved are more complex than before. In the new era and new journey, we must strengthen our confidence in the path, theory, system and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics, adhere to high-quality development, take the path of Chinese-style modernization, comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style modernization, continue to create new development miracles, and make new and greater contributions to the development of ourselves and the benefit of the world.