How to treat gas in the foundry industry? Jiangsu Jiangyan's practice is worth learning from
Since the Bronze Age when the bell chirped and dined ", casting has appeared in human production activities and has been passed down as an ancient technology for thousands of years. Today, casting, as an indispensable process link in the equipment manufacturing industry, is not only the basic guarantee for the innovative development of many host products and high-end equipment, but also provides important support for the development of emerging industries and future industries. However, some foundry enterprises have backward processes and heavy pollution, which are not in line with ecological and environmental protection requirements. Promoting the green transformation of forging is not only an important measure to deepen the battle to defend the blue sky, but also an urgent need to promote high-quality development of the industry.
Gas control is a "long-standing problem" in the foundry industry
In recent years, my country has greatly increased its attention to pollution control in the foundry industry, but there is still room for improvement in the effectiveness of the remediation, which has a certain relationship with the characteristics of the foundry industry itself.
The foundry industry is large in size, small in scale and low in governance. my country's casting output has ranked first in the world for more than 20 consecutive years, accounting for more than 45% of the world's total output. According to statistics from industry associations, there are more than 20,000 foundry enterprises across the country, mainly distributed in key areas for air pollution prevention and control such as Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas, and the Yangtze River Delta. Moreover, the average annual output is less than 2000 tons, high energy consumption, heavy pollution, and extensive production account for a high proportion of small enterprises with prominent problems such as extensive production.
Foundry companies have many sewage discharge links and production at night, making supervision difficult. Foundry enterprises emit many pollution factors. In addition to smoke dust, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, they also include benzene, toluene, phenol, etc., and there are many unorganized emission nodes, low exhaust gas concentration and large gas volume, making it difficult to control. In order to offset the peak electricity, foundry companies mostly produce at night, which may lead to problems such as high pollution at night and waste gas disturbing people.
The development concepts of some localities and enterprises have not yet fundamentally changed. Some enterprises still blindly pursue economic interests and ignore environmental protection governance. The main responsibilities for pollution control are not fully implemented, and there are even problems of violations of laws and regulations such as incomplete procedures, unauthorized expansion of capacity and expansion, and abnormal operation of governance facilities. Some places are worried about affecting economic development and are unwilling to take real measures, resulting in poor rectification results.
Jiangyan's Practice in Foundry Industry Governance
As a major foundry province, Jiangsu Province has vigorously promoted comprehensive improvement and high-quality development of the foundry industry in recent years. Among them, Jiangyan District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, with the determination of a strong man to break his wrist, promoted the revitalization of the casting industry with high standards, and explored a new model for the transformation and upgrading of industrial clusters dominated by small, medium and micro enterprises.
The first is precise rectification. Comprehensively identify the financial background of foundry enterprises, comprehensively evaluate each enterprise one by one, and form a "one enterprise, one policy" rectification plan. "We will not implement a 'one-size-fits', but we must cut one knife." In accordance with laws and regulations, we will shut down and withdraw 87 enterprises that did not meet the requirements, and promote the rectification and improvement of 109 enterprises.
The second is to strengthen incentives. Compensation measures will be introduced for enterprises that have been shut down and withdrawn, and the freed pollutant emission indicators will enter the district's total pool; for enterprises that have been renovated and upgraded, experts will be organized to provide free technical guidance, and about 100 million yuan in reward and subsidy funds will be arranged to leverage enterprises. Invest nearly 500 million yuan to implement technological transformation, process reengineering, and equipment renewal.
The third is to focus on long-term effectiveness. Plan and build a small and micro precision casting park to provide development space for small, medium and micro enterprises. Build infrastructure such as surface treatment centers and core manufacturing centers to lay a solid foundation for the long-term green development of the industry.
Through rectification, the concentration of air pollutants in the foundry industry in Jiangyan District has been reduced to half of the original level, the number of environmental complaints has dropped by about 90%, product quality has been significantly improved, and comprehensive profits have increased by about 30%. In this process, the company's development concept has also changed. From the original "treating the head for the headache and treating the foot for the pain" to the current comprehensive transformation and improvement, it is deeply realized that only by adhering to green production can high-quality development be achieved.
Promote green transformation of the casting industry
At present, developing new productive forces according to local conditions is an important guideline for all localities to accelerate the cultivation of new driving forces and promote the development of productive forces. The author believes that to cultivate and develop new productive forces, we cannot simply withdraw traditional industries such as casting as low-end industries, but must strive to promote this industry to release new vitality in high-end, intelligent and green transformation. In this process, we must not only adhere to the principle of "shutting down and eliminating one batch, technological upgrading one batch, and integrating one batch into the park" to optimize the industrial structure; we must also implement detailed governance requirements to achieve full-process and all-round improvement.
The first is to increase external pressure. Strengthen standard constraints, take stable emission standards as the bottom line requirement, and comprehensively improve the level of enterprise pollution control. Strictly enforce law enforcement supervision, strengthen night law enforcement inspections based on the production characteristics of the foundry industry, and investigate and deal with problems such as excessive emissions, irregular operation of governance facilities, and online monitoring and fraud in accordance with laws and regulations. Promote regulatory innovation, deepen the "Internet + comprehensive supervision" model, promote the establishment of a smart supervision platform, and use information technology to improve supervision efficiency.
The second is to seize effective assistance. Seize the opportunity of large-scale equipment renewal, promote enterprises to eliminate polluting and extensive old equipment, update new equipment that is digital, intelligent and green, and achieve comprehensive green transformation. Implement the relevant national requirements on promoting high-quality development of the foundry industry, promote the cluster development of enterprises with scattered layout and weak pollution control foundation into parks and districts, and cultivate characteristic industrial clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises. Implement the "double control" requirements for total carbon emissions and intensity, guide enterprises to implement renewable energy substitution, and achieve clean energy transformation.
The third is to stimulate endogenous motivation. For projects such as the upgrading and renovation of corporate governance facilities, increase financial support, implement policies such as purchasing special environmental protection equipment to deduct corporate income tax, and relieve the pressure on corporate pollution control funds. For enterprises with high governance levels, environmental protection tax reductions, support the selection of green leading enterprises, and exemptions for emergency management and control of heavily polluted weather will be implemented in accordance with regulations. For places with obvious rectification results, rewards will be given in terms of total pollution discharge indicators and other aspects to further stimulate the enthusiasm of local governments and enterprises.
The fourth is to give full play to benchmark gravity. Promote green processes, build green factories, develop green parks, and promote green methods throughout the entire casting production process. Comprehensively consider the production process, the use of raw and auxiliary materials, unorganized emission control, and the operation effect of pollution control facilities, etc., and cultivate a group of environmental benchmark casting enterprises with level A environmental performance. Give full play to the demonstration and leading role of benchmark enterprises, learn from each other, benchmark and tap potential, and lead the improvement of the environmental protection level of the industry.
Author's unit: Jiangsu Province Academy of Environmental Sciences
