Improve the integrated protection mechanism and systematic governance system of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward major measures to establish a mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, improve the compensation system for ecological protection, and put forward the goals and tasks of improving the modern environmental governance system. In the new era and new journey, we must adhere to the construction of Chinese-style modernization in which man and nature coexist in harmony, and promote the protection and restoration of China's ecosystem with high qualitypracticeNear-flatGuided by the idea of ecological civilization, we should accelerate the improvement of the integrated protection mechanism and systematic governance system of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands.

Improve the ecological compensation mechanism for the integrated protection of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands.Ecological compensation is an important mechanism for the government to take the lead in promoting ecosystem protection and restoration, and is an important means to implement the rights and responsibilities of ecological protection and mobilize the enthusiasm of all parties to participate in ecological protection. At present, it is necessary to accelerate the establishment and improvement of a multi-level integrated ecological compensation system for the integrated protection of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands based on regions, elements and subjects, and improve the coordination mechanism of the main body of integrated protection and ecological compensation management. Focusing on the key points of national ecological security, strengthen the ecological protection and compensation of water flow in key areas such as river headwaters, important water sources, key soil erosion prevention and control areas, flood storage and detention areas, and damaged rivers and lakes. Improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of compensation standards for public welfare forests, natural forests and wetlands, implement differentiated compensation for public welfare forests, improve the subsidy system for agricultural ecological governance oriented by green ecology and the compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection, implement the policy of supplementing and rewarding grassland ecological protection, include degraded and desertified grasslands in the scope of grazing prohibition as soon as possible, and improve the compensation system for ecological protection of desertified land. Efforts should be made to give full play to the role of the market mechanism, accelerate the promotion of diversified compensation, improve the market trading mechanism, establish a property rights system for natural resource assets, a paid use system and a reasonable compensation system that are conducive to diversified compensation, accelerate the establishment of an initial allocation system for water rights, pollutant discharge rights, and carbon emission rights, as well as a national energy use right and carbon emission trading market, improve the carbon emission offset mechanism based on the national greenhouse gas voluntary emission reduction trading mechanism, and incorporate voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction projects in the forestry field into the national carbon emission trading market. Expand market-oriented financing channels, establish green stock indexes, develop carbon emission futures trading, promote the financial model of the ecological industrial chain, explore diversified compensation methods, guide the development of characteristic and advantageous industries, and expand the production of green products. Earnestly promote the establishment of the rule of law, accelerate the introduction of regulations on ecological protection compensation, implement the Yangtze River Protection Law, the Yellow River Protection Law, and laws and regulations on water, forests, grasslands, oceans, fisheries, etc., accelerate the improvement of the monitoring and support system for ecological protection compensation, and establish a statistical index system and information release system for ecological protection compensation.

Improve the mechanism for realizing the value integration of ecological products of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands.The realization mechanism of ecological product value integration refers to the integration of ecological value, economic value and social value of ecological products, mainly through the integration of market operation and development means, and the establishment of a benefit-oriented mechanism for ecological protectors to benefit and users to pay, which is the key to promoting ecological protection and restoration and coordinated economic and social development through the market. Establishing and improving the value realization mechanism of ecological products is to implement itpracticeNear-flatThe important measure of ecological civilization is the key path to practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, and it is an inevitable requirement to promote the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands from the source. At present, it is necessary to speed up the establishment and improvement of the ecological product value realization mechanism with the ecological product investigation and monitoring mechanism, the ecological product value evaluation mechanism, the ecological product management and development mechanism, the ecological product value realization guarantee mechanism and the ecological product value realization promotion mechanism as the main contents. Efforts should be made to establish a dynamic monitoring system for ecological products and an open and shared ecological product information cloud platform, incorporate the basic data of ecological product value accounting into the national economic accounting system as soon as possible, and establish a price formation mechanism for ecological products that reflects the relationship between market supply and demand. Promote the construction of ecological product trading centers, give full play to the resources and channel advantages of e-commerce platforms, and promote more high-quality ecological products to be traded through convenient channels and methods. Establish a traceability mechanism for the quality of ecological products and improve the carbon emission trading mechanism. Accelerate the establishment of an assessment mechanism for the value of ecological products, incorporate the indicators of the total value of ecological products into the comprehensive performance evaluation of the high-quality development of the party committees and governments of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and establish and improve the overall planning and coordination mechanism in accordance with the overall requirements of the central government's overall planning, the province's overall responsibility, and the implementation of cities and counties.

Coordinate the management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands.Adhering to the governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands is an important part of strengthening the protection of the ecological environment in an all-round, all-region and whole-process manner, and a systematic and complete modern governance system is the key guarantee for the governance efficiency of the mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands. At present, it is necessary to speed up the establishment and improvement of the governance system of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands covering technology, law, government, market and society. First of all, it is necessary to improve the technical system for the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands. It is necessary to follow the laws of nature, comprehensively use the two means and technical methods of natural restoration and artificial restoration, adhere to the principle of adapting measures to local conditions, classify and divide scientific policies, and strictly implement the prohibition of grazing and grazing, logging and logging, fishing and fishing, and fallow crop rotation for ecosystems such as grasslands, forests, rivers, lakes, wetlands, and farmland that are seriously overdrawn. For outstanding problems of ecological degradation such as soil erosion, desertification, and rocky desertification, we should adhere to the principle of natural restoration, supplemented by necessary artificial restoration. For areas where the ecosystem is seriously damaged and difficult to recover on its own, it is necessary to take the initiative to take scientific artificial restoration measures to speed up the process of ecosystem restoration. Secondly, accelerate the construction of the governance system of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands. Accelerate the improvement of the natural resource property rights system, establish and improve the green and low-carbon market system, improve the emission rights and carbon emission trading systems, continue to improve the all-round supervision, assessment and accountability system of ecological compensation, establish a horizontal intergovernmental cooperation mechanism in systematic governance actions, accelerate the construction of the legal system, and effectively enhance the systematization and coordination of the legal system of all relevant departments. Thirdly, accelerate the formation of a diversified situation of participation in the governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands. The joint participation of multiple subjects is the social basis for the overall management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands. Accelerate the establishment of channel mechanisms and incentive mechanisms for public participation, so that the investment of some participants can benefit others with compensation, realize the reciprocity of personal investment and benefits, and stimulate the enthusiasm of the public and social organizations to participate in the governance of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands. Finally, it is necessary to improve the market system for the management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands, effectively promote the construction of markets related to ecological products, accelerate the improvement of the multi-market integration system, establish an innovative incentive mechanism, and unswervingly follow the civilized development path of production development, affluent life and good ecology, and build a beautiful home with blue sky, green ground and clear water.

(Authors: Kong Fanbin and Xu Caiyao, Executive Dean of the Institute of Ecological Civilization and Deputy Director of the Institute of Ecological Economy, Zhejiang A&F University, respectively)

Original title: Adhere to the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands

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