The green transformation of the consumer sector has achieved remarkable results
In recent years, the market share of green and low-carbon products has continued to increase significantly, and the green transformation of key consumption areas has achieved remarkable results, and green consumption methods have become a trend.
Traditional consumption is greener and more environmentally friendly. On the one hand, the consumption of food and clothing has accelerated the green transformation. All localities have increased the promotion of green agricultural products and organic food, new models such as "planting and breeding base + central kitchen" have been emerging, the catering industry has accelerated the upgrading of green, standardized and quality, advocated "disc action" and "civilized table", and urban and rural residents have gradually developed moderate purchase and saving food and clothingpracticeInertial. On the other hand, housing and transportation consumption is more green and environmentally friendly. Green home decoration has become fashionable, energy conservation and environmental protection have become a must for the renovation of old communities, and the energy-saving renovation of farmhouses and the construction of green farmhouses have driven green building materials to the countryside. The urban and rural new energy vehicle market is growing rapidly, and the domestic retail penetration rate of new energy passenger vehicles will be 35.7% in 2023.
Cultural tourism consumption has set off a green fashion. With the wide application of energy-saving technology, more and more green booths, exhibits and exhibition equipment are used in various exhibitions, and the pollution consumption of cultural and performing arts sites has been significantly reduced. New or renovated and expanded scenic spots pay more attention to green design and energy-saving management, and accelerate the layout of green tourism consumption projects such as cycling lines and hiking trails. While restricting the occupation and over-exploitation of forest areas, cultivated land and wetlands, villages in various regions have actively exploited the advantages of characteristic resources to promote the green, orderly and healthy development of the tourism market.
Improve the green development mechanism and unleash the potential of consumption
Green consumption generally refers to the consumption behavior of various consumer entities to implement the concept of green and low-carbon in the whole process of consumption activities. In the green consumer market, in order to achieve a balance between the supply and demand of green and low-carbon goods or services, it is necessary to give full play to the role of the green supply and demand mechanism, the green competition mechanism and the green development price mechanism, realize the optimal allocation of market resources, accelerate the upgrading of consumption quality, and fully release the consumption potential.
Improve the supply and demand mechanism and enhance the adaptability of the supply system to green consumption. Improve the level of green innovation in key industries, actively develop and promote low-carbon, zero-carbon and carbon-negative technologies, strengthen green design and manufacturing capabilities, strengthen the supply of eco-friendly new products and equipment, promote green technologies to empower various consumption types and application scenarios, and lead and create new consumer demand with high-quality supply. Build a green and low-carbon supply chain, guide upstream suppliers to carry out green procurement and green production, and accelerate the construction of urban and rural green express logistics and distribution systems. Set up special sales areas for green and low-carbon products and set up special promotional activities on e-commerce platforms, shopping malls and other circulation enterprise platforms.
Improve the competition mechanism and stimulate the vitality of green development business entities. Cultivate and develop a green ecological market, and build a unified national carbon emission rights and water rights trading market. Develop second-hand transactions such as automobiles, home appliances, consumer electronics and clothing, and improve the transaction dispute resolution mechanism. Strengthen the construction of credit and regulatory systems, and strictly restrict the elimination or restriction of competition in the green consumer market. Improve quality and safety assurance mechanisms, correct and punish the behavior of falsely labeling green and low-carbon products, and crack down on unfair competition such as false advertising and traffic fraud on green products on the Internet.
Improve the price mechanism and reasonably guide the behavior of saving and environmental protection. Improve the tiered price system for residential water, electricity and gas, and guide users to strictly save and industrial enterprises to stagger peak energy consumption. Optimize the price formation and dynamic adjustment mechanism of urban public transportation, comprehensively consider the carrying capacity, operating costs and traffic conditions, establish a multi-level differentiated price system, and implement measures conducive to alleviating congestion and promoting the priority development of public transportation. Establish and improve the metering and charging system for kitchen waste disposal and urban solid waste disposal in catering enterprises.
Improve the institutional system and cultivate green consumption for allpracticeInertial
Cultivate the awareness of green consumption among the whole peoplepracticeComprehensively promoting the standardized development of the green consumer market is the essence of accelerating the construction of a high-standard market system, and it is also an important embodiment of further strengthening the domestic market.
In terms of laws, regulations and standards, it is necessary to clarify the standard requirements for the production, distribution, circulation, consumption, recycling, and disposal of green and low-carbon products, as well as the responsibilities and obligations of various entities. Improve the government's green procurement standards, and increase the category and proportion of green products in government procurement. Improve the standards, certification and labeling systems for green and low-carbon products and services, upgrade energy-saving standards with the times, and enhance market visibility and recognition. Advocate a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon lifestyle, and carry out actions such as creating energy-saving institutions, green families, and green communities.
In terms of statistics and information release, it is necessary to explore the establishment of a statistical system related to green consumption, strengthen the collection, monitoring and analysis of green consumption data, study the evaluation index system of relevant indices, and scientifically evaluate the level and development trend of green consumption. Build a green consumption information platform, regularly publish a list of green and low-carbon products and purchase guides, and promote the connection between production and marketing of green commodities.
In terms of green, low-carbon and circular development, it is necessary to rationally lay out and standardize the construction of urban and rural waste material recycling networks, and accelerate the construction of a waste recycling system. Establish and improve the responsibility system for the recycling target of household appliance production enterprises, implement the "Internet + recycling" model, strengthen the recycling of waste household appliances and electronic products, and standardize the management of the dismantling and utilization of scrapped motor vehicles.
In terms of fiscal, tax and financial support, it is necessary to encourage qualified areas to provide appropriate subsidies for green building materials and energy-saving and low-carbon products, and consider issuing green consumption vouchers and carrying out green credit activities. Give full play to the supporting role of green finance, improve the coverage and convenience of services, and form a multi-level and diversified green financial market based on green loans and green bonds.
The author is a researcher and deputy director of the Institute of Economic Research, China Academy of Macroeconomics
