Building a beautiful China is an important goal of building a modern socialist country in an all-round way. The "Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Comprehensively Promoting the Construction of a Beautiful China" issued in January this year pointed out that to comprehensively promote the construction of a beautiful China, it is necessary to accelerate the green transformation of the development mode, emphasizing "strict control of urban development boundaries and promoting the connotative and intensive green development of urban space". New-type urbanization is the only way to modernization, and the modernization of harmonious coexistence between man and nature must be thoroughly implementedpracticeNear-flatIn accordance with the development requirements of "intensive and efficient production space, moderate livability of living space, and beautiful ecological space", we will coordinate the three major layouts of production, life and ecology, promote the connotative and intensive green development of urban space, and support high-quality development with a high-quality ecological environment.
Strengthen legal safeguards and improve urban spatial development plans
Safeguard the green development of urban space with the rule of law. It is necessary to improve the system of natural resource asset management and improve the control system for the use of land and space. The spatial structure of cities and towns is directly related to the development quality of new urbanization, and to promote the connotative intensive green development of urban space, we should put the adjustment of spatial structure in an important position, establish the concepts of "smart growth" and "compact city", adhere to intensive development, strengthen the construction of relevant regulations, standards and systems, improve the utilization efficiency of urban construction land, and promote the transformation of urban development from extension to connotation. The urban development boundary is the regional boundary for concentrating on urban development and construction, improving urban functions and improving spatial quality, and is an insurmountable red line for adjusting economic structure, planning industrial development and promoting new urbanization. It is necessary to strictly implement the relevant requirements of urban development boundaries in accordance with the law, make overall arrangements for urban construction land, strictly control new construction land, strictly regulate the full-cycle management of urban development boundaries, increase the vitality of existing land use, and promote high-quality urban development.
The rule of law is used to ensure the green life of urban residents. Urban development should grasp the intrinsic relationship between production space, living space and ecological space, so as to achieve intensive and efficient production space, moderate livability of living space, and beautiful ecological space. In the process of promoting the new type of urbanization, it is necessary to take into account the carrying capacity of population, resources and environment when using land resources, handle the relationship between urban production, life and ecology, and optimize the spatial layout of cities and towns through strengthening legislation to enhance the livability of cities. Scientifically plan the proportion of industrial land and residential land in urban construction land, and establish a spatial planning system. The preparation of spatial planning and town planning should listen to the opinions of the masses and respect the opinions of experts, and the planning must be determined through legislation after it is formed. Strengthen the popularization of laws and regulations such as the Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, and guide the public to be consciousboycottBehaviors that pollute the environment and damage the ecology to create a green life.
Protect the ecological environment of cities and towns with the rule of law. Cities and towns are important carriers of modernization, and they are also the places with the most dense population and the highest concentration of pollution emissions. The new type of urbanization not only pursues economic goals, but also pursues ecological goals, emphasizing the harmonious coexistence of man and nature. It is necessary to adhere to the rule of law thinking, put the protection of the urban ecological environment in a more prominent position, coordinate the integrated protection and systematic management of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grasslands and sands, and form an urban ecological space where man and nature coexist in harmony. Implement the strictest ecological and environmental protection system of above-ground and underground, land-sea co-ordination, and regional linkage, promote legislative work such as the Land and Spatial Planning Law, and reasonably limit economic and social activities in space. Control the intensity of urban development in accordance with the law, delineate water protection lines, green space system lines, infrastructure construction control lines, historical and cultural protection lines, permanent basic farmland and ecological protection red lines, promote the compact development of cities and towns and the conservation of intensive land use, and form a green and low-carbon production and lifestyle and urban construction and operation model. In-depth implementation of the main functional zone strategy, strengthen law enforcement supervision and protection and restoration, to ensure that the function is not reduced and the nature does not change.
Give full play to the role of the market and release the new vitality of urban space development
We will speed up the construction of a unified national market and promote the intensive development of urban space. China is speeding up the construction of a unified national market, which is an important historical opportunity to further promote the high-quality development of cities and towns. To speed up the construction of a unified national market, we can give priority to the integration of regional markets, scientifically plan the spatial layout of cities and towns, and achieve intensive, efficient and green development. Enhance the radiation driving force of the central city, strengthen the construction of innovative cooperation mechanism, break down administrative barriers and market segmentation, break the constraints of industrial development resources and environment, promote the free flow and optimal allocation of production factors, promote the industrial division of labor, industrial integration, and joint construction of parks between towns, and promote the connotative intensive development of urban space through the rational flow and efficient agglomeration of various elements.
Build a high-level socialist market economy system and promote the green development of urban space. Improve the system of fiscal, taxation, financial, investment, price policies and environmental standards to support green development, form a market-oriented and sustainable investment mechanism and operation mechanism, promote the innovation of ecological environment-oriented urban development models and investment and financing models, and ensure that the scale of financial investment in the field of ecological civilization construction matches the construction tasks. Improve the system and mechanism of strong government leadership, active participation of enterprises, and effective market regulation, and better stimulate the enthusiasm of the whole society to participate in green development. Improve the market-oriented allocation system of resources and environmental factors, improve the productivity of green total factors, including resources and environmental factors, and guide all kinds of resource elements to develop and concentrate on green and low-carbon development. Explore the path to realize the value of ecological products, encourage and support social capital to participate in ecological protection and restoration, vigorously develop green finance, and promote the coordination and unity of urban economic and social development and ecological environmental protection.
Promote the coordinated development of large, medium, and small cities and towns. Urban agglomeration is the main spatial carrier of urbanization in a populous country, and is the main spatial form that carries the elements of development and improves the quality of development. It is an objective economic law that the concentration of industry and population in advantageous areas should be carried out, but the scale of urban monomer cannot be expanded indefinitely, so we should pay attention to the adaptation of urban spatial layout, industrial structure adjustment and resource and environmental carrying capacity, improve the structure of urban agglomeration with the central city as the core and the surrounding small and medium-sized cities as the support, and solve the problem of over-density of population and functions in the central urban area. Give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, give better play to the role of the government, and guide social forces to participate in urban construction, operation and management. Make full use of market means to make up for the shortcomings of soft and hard infrastructure, take the improvement of infrastructure networks as the starting point, improve the level of public services in small and medium-sized cities, and enhance the attractiveness and carrying capacity of small and medium-sized cities for population transfer. Relax market access, encourage social capital to participate in the investment and operation of urban public facilities, ensure the orderly participation and fair competition of all types of market entities, and promote the coordination of population, economy, resources and environment.
Accelerate scientific and technological innovation and activate new momentum for urban space development
Scientific and technological innovation is the core driving force for the green development of urban space. Cities are the core areas of economic development, and should adhere to the high-quality development path of connotation, intensification, and greening, and take scientific and technological innovation as the driving force and guarantee for adjusting the industrial structure and promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of the economy and society, so as to greatly improve the degree of economic greening and promote the effective improvement of the quality and reasonable growth of the quantity. Promote the deep integration of industrial digitalization and intelligence with greening, and vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, high-tech industries, green environmental protection industries, and modern service industries with green products, green factories, green industrial parks, and green supply chain management as the link. Build a market-oriented green technology innovation system, drive the promotion and application of green technologies, and the coordinated transformation of industrial and supply chains, promote the industrialization of green technologies such as energy conservation and environmental protection, new energy and recycling, accelerate the green transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and improve the level of green development of urban industries.
Scientific and technological innovation is an important guarantee for the green life of cities and towns. China is in a critical period of focusing on carbon reduction, promoting the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and realizing the improvement of ecological environment quality from quantitative to qualitative change. We must adhere to the concept of green, circular and low-carbon, coordinate the economic, living and ecological needs of urban layout, and rationally plan urban transportation, energy, water supply and drainage, heating, sewage, garbage disposal and other infrastructure. Optimize the ecological chain of innovation and entrepreneurship, promote the interconnection of infrastructure, combine environmental remediation and redevelopment of existing land, enhance the rationality of the internal layout of the city, make different functional areas intertwined and organically combined, gradually achieve a balance between jobs and housing, and improve the permeability and microcirculation capacity of the town. Use cutting-edge technologies such as big data, cloud computing, blockchain, and artificial intelligence to promote the construction of new smart towns and realize "science and technology make life better".
Scientific and technological innovation is a strong support for the construction of urban ecological environment.practiceNear-flatThe general secretary stressed that "the development of ecological civilization is facing increasingly severe environmental pollution, and it is necessary to rely on more and better scientific and technological innovation to build a beautiful China with blue sky, green ground and clear water". At present, the foundation for the stability and improvement of China's ecological environment quality is not solid, and it is necessary to strengthen scientific and technological support, promote self-reliance and self-improvement in green and low-carbon science and technology, and take climate change and new pollutant control as key areas of national basic research and scientific and technological innovation, and pay close attention to key core technologies. Promote the clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient use of urban energy, grasp the transformation of the energy structure, which is the "bull's nose" of carbon reduction, orderly guide the replacement of coal with electricity and gas, encourage the construction of ultra-low energy consumption and near-zero energy consumption urban buildings, continue to reduce carbon emission intensity, and jointly promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion and growth.
Improve the policy system and promote the upgrading of urban spatial development
Form a pattern of urban green space. Effectively play the role of policy guidance, focus on optimizing the regional division of labor and industrial layout, take the overall planning and utilization of resource elements as the main line, and build a long-term institutional mechanism as the starting point, so as to optimize the spatial pattern and development pattern of cities and towns. Combined with the spirit of the "Several Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Establishing a Territorial Spatial Planning System and Supervising the Implementation" and "Technical Guidelines for the Optimization and Improvement of Main Functional Zones" and other documents, the regional spatial structure should be considered as a whole, the efficiency of land space utilization should be improved, and the development spatial structure, scale structure and industrial structure should be formed in line with local conditions, reflecting resource endowments and cultural characteristics. Promote the recycling transformation of urban industrial parks, and promote the green and low-carbon transformation of industry, construction, transportation and other fields.
Create a green living model in towns.practiceNear-flatThe general secretary stressed that "efforts should be made to build the city into a beautiful home where people and people and nature coexist in harmony". Promote the construction of beautiful cities oriented by green and low-carbon, beautiful environment, ecological livability, safety and health, wisdom and efficiency, anchor the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, promote the clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient use of energy, develop distributed energy such as rooftop photovoltaics, promote a variety of clean heating methods such as cogeneration, waste heat heating, and heat pumps according to local conditions, and implement energy-saving management models such as contract energy management. Promote the formation of a simple, moderate, green and low-carbon, civilized and healthy life concept and consumption mode. Strengthen publicity and guidance and cultural construction, and widely mobilize parks, enterprises, communities, schools, families and individuals to take active action, so that green travel, water and electricity saving, "CD-ROM action", garbage classification, etcpracticeIt is customary to form a social atmosphere in which everyone, everything, all the time, and everywhere advocate ecological civilization.
Build an ecological civilization in which people and nature coexist in harmony with each other. Integrate good mountains, good water and good scenery into the city, so that the water system and green space inside the city and the rivers and lakes, forests and cultivated land outside the city form a complete ecological network. Consolidate and improve the standardization of the urban ecological environment, and improve the relevant standards and specifications for the protection of the urban ecological environment. Formulate standards in related fields such as urban ecosystem monitoring, urban ecological restoration, ecological carrying capacity assessment, biodiversity conservation, and coordination of pollution and carbon reduction, and persistently fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control. Construct urban green corridors according to local conditions, create street green spaces, wetlands and country parks, and improve urban ecosystem services and self-sustaining capacity. Strengthen the ecological and water environment restoration of urban wetlands such as rivers and lakes, strengthen the protection of urban drinking water sources and the comprehensive management of groundwater overexploitation, and improve water use efficiency. Clarify the technical standards and management procedures for the evaluation of the effectiveness of urban ecological environment governance, establish a modern ecological environment monitoring system, and carry out urban ecological environment governance assessment.
The author is a professor at City College of Zhejiang University and Zhejiang ProvincepracticeNear-flatSpecial researcher of the Research Center for Socialism with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era
